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Johann Wolfgang Goethe was born on 28 August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany as son of a lawyer. After growing up in a privileged upper middle class family, he studied law in Leipzig from 1765 to 1768, although he was more interested in literature. As he was seriously ill, he had to interrupt his studies, but finally graduated in Strassburg with a degree in law. In the following years, his novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther" (1774) became one of the first bestsellers, making him a key author in the "Sturm und Drang" (Storm and Stress) movement. In 1775, he settled down in Weimar, being the Duke's adviser and writing popular dramas such as "Egmont" or "Torquato Tasso". One of his life's important milestones was the Italian Journey from 1786 and 1788, where he discovered his interest in Greek and Roman classicism. After his return to Germany, he began the "Weimar Classicism" movement with his good friend Friedrich Schiller, concentrating on poems and dramas such as his best known work "Faust", which he published in two parts (1808/1832). Beside his literary work, he contributed many interesting theories to sciences, making him Germany's leading polymath in that period. On 22 March 1832, he died in Weimar, the town he had lived for more than fifty years.- Writer
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Friedrich Nietzsche was raised having five women around him - his mother, grandmother, two aunts and a sister, all living together. His father, a Lutheran pastor, died when Nietzsche was 5 years old. After a Catholic school he studied music and Greco-Roman culture at the famous Schulpfora from 1858-1864, continued at the universities of Bonn, Leipzig and Basel, where he was a professor of classic philology for 12 years. His influences were: classic history, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, writer Fyodor Dostoevsky and Jesus Christ, whom he called "Superman".
His main books are "The Gay Science", "Thus Spoke Zarathustra", "Beyond Good and Evil", "Twilight of the Idols" and the radical "Antichrist". Nietzsche analyzed foundations of values and morality through transformations of human nature and society. His contention that traditional values, religion and God, are not working in the modernized world, led to his conceptual statement: "God is dead." In replacement of God comes his concept of a superman - a rational, secure and highly independent individual. He lists Jesus, Socrates, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare, Goethe and Napoleon as models or prototypes of a superman. His idealistic superman was often misinterpreted as a role for a dictator in a totalitarian society. Nitzsche's goal for this concept was mainly individualistic because of his despise of any crowd and attention to him. He considered any crowd as a main source of lies and manipulations. According to Nietzsche it is the independence that allows a superman to be truly original and creative.
His sarcastic humor and contradictory ideas, often misunderstood in metaphysical context, caused misinterpretations of his personality and his works. His nihilism resulted from frustrations in search of meaning. For self-liberation Nietzsche terminated his German citizenship and remained a stateless person for the rest of his life. He distanced himself from Richard Wagner being repelled by the banality of the Bayreuth shows and the baseness of the crowd. He suffered from migraine headaches and from shortsightedness to the degree of blindness that caused his retirement from University of Basel. After he saw a brutal beating of a horse on a street, Nitzsche had a mental breakdown at age 44, and he retreated into solitude as a self-defense from crowds and manipulations. He lived with his mother and sister until his death of pneumonia in 1900. Most researchers regard his breakdown as irrelevant to his works. He received postmortem recognition by existentialists and by 20th century postmodern philosophers.
Nietzsche's idea of a day in a life repeating itself again, and again, and again was written at the end of the Book IV of "The Gay Science" (1887). It is used in the film 'Groundhog Day (1993)'.
Nietzsche listed laughter and humor as vital qualities of being a superman. He only failed to add a superwoman on his list of models to make it really serious.- Writer
- Actor
Ivan Ivanji was born on 24 January 1929 in Zrenjanin, Vojvodina, Serbia, Yugoslavia. He was a writer and actor, known for Izgubljeni raj (1964), Ajkula neznog srca (1964) and Sudjenje Bertoltu Brehtu (1973). He died on 9 May 2024 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.- Writer
- Soundtrack
Friedrich Schiller was born on Nov. 10, 1759, in Marbach, Germany. His father was an army doctor. Growing up in a very poor environment, Schiller eventually managed to get the support of a wealthy duke that enabled him to study medicine. He served as a military doctor first, but through the efforts of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe he finally went to Jena and Weimar, where he died on the May 9, 1805.
Schiller is an important German author of his time, most famous for his stage plays. They were highly acclaimed--and mostly forbidden, because of their contents. His first big work, "Die Räuber", dealt with the revolt of sons against their parents and environment, a very modern topic for the time and one that was not accepted in many regions of Germany. Overall, though, he is underrated as an author due to the fact that he lived and wrote in the same time as Goethe: Schiller is considered to be a good writer, but not as brilliant as Goethe.- Actor
- Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
Bruno Carstens was born on 26 October 1918 in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. He was an actor and assistant director, known for Blaulicht (1959), Die Leute von Züderow (1985) and Eskapade (1936). He was married to Isot Kilian. He died on 30 October 2001 in Saalfeld, Thuringia, Germany.- Director
- Actor
- Additional Crew
Gustav Rudolf Sellner was born on 25 May 1905 in Traunstein, Bavaria, Germany. He was a director and actor, known for The Pedestrian (1973), Der junge Lord (1969) and Die Bernauerin (1958). He died on 8 May 1990 in Gotha, Thuringia, Germany.- Peter Strelzyk was born in 1942 in Oppeln, Silesia, Germany. He was married to Doris. He died on 11 March 2017 in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.
- Fritz Reuter was born on 7 October 1810 in Stavenhagen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. He was a writer, known for Ut mine stromtid (1919), Life in the Country (1943) and Kampf um die Scholle (1925). He was married to Louise Kuntze. He died on 12 July 1874 in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany.
- Writer
- Actor
Siegfried Pitschmann was born on 12 January 1930 in Grünberg, Silesia, Germany [now Zielona Góra, Lubuskie, Poland]. He was a writer and actor, known for Leben mit Uwe (1974) and Die Frau am Pranger (1962). He was married to Brigitte Reimann. He died on 29 August 2002 in Suhl, Thuringia, Germany.- Actor
- Director
- Writer
Carl Balhaus was born on 4 November 1905 in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. He was an actor and director, known for Haus im Feuer (1960), Ein Mädchen von 16 ½ (1958) and Der Teufelskreis (1956). He was married to Eva Schmidt-Kayser and Almuth Dorowa. He died on 28 July 1968 in Eisenach, German Democratic Republic [now Thuringia, Germany].- Actor
- Director
- Writer
Martin Hellberg was born on 31 January 1905 in Dresden, Saxony, Germany. He was an actor and director, known for Die schwarze Galeere (1962), Thomas Müntzer (1956) and Emilia Galotti (1958). He was married to Berta Gurewitsch, Ruth Baldor, Traute Hellberg and Sigrid Kürsten. He died on 31 October 1999 in Bad Berka, Thuringia, Germany.- Actor
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Paul Morgan was born on 1 October 1886 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary [now Austria]. He was an actor and writer, known for Wir schalten um auf Hollywood (1931), Der Herr vom Finanzamt (1929) and Funkzauber (1927). He was married to Josephine Ruffner. He died on 10 December 1938 in Buchenwald concentration camp, Thuringia, Germany.- Wolfgang Held was born on 12 July 1930 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany. He was a writer, known for Anflug Alpha I (1971), Flucht ins Schweigen (1966) and Zeit zu leben (1969). He died on 17 September 2014 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.
- Karl-Heinz Rothin was born on 10 March 1927 in Gera, Germany. He was an actor, known for Das Zaubermännchen (1960), Kapitäne bleiben an Bord (1959) and Die Glatzkopfbande (1963). He died on 8 August 2016 in Gera, Thuringia, Germany.
- Composer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Johann Nepomuk Hummel was born on 14 November 1778 in Preßburg/Pozsony, Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy [now Bratislava, Slovak Republic]. Johann Nepomuk was a composer, known for Vanity Fair (2004), Inspector Lewis (2006) and Legend of the Galactic Heroes (1988). Johann Nepomuk died on 17 October 1837 in Weimar, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach [now Thuringia, Germany].- Writer
- Director
- Additional Crew
Günther Rücker was born on 2 February 1924 in Reichenberg, Sudetenland, Germany [now Liberec, Czech Republic]. He was a writer and director, known for Die Verlobte (1980), Bis daß der Tod euch scheidet (1979) and The Best Years (1965). He was married to Vera Oelschlegel. He died on 24 February 2008 in Meiningen, Thuringia, Germany.- Actor
- Director
Peter Oehme was born on 11 January 1920 in Dresden, Germany. He was an actor and director, known for Alte Liebe (1981), Tatort (1970) and Fernfahrer (1963). He died in July 2001 in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.- Writer
- Director
- Music Department
Hans H. Zerlett was born on 17 August 1892 in Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany. He was a writer and director, known for Truxa (1937), Reise in die Vergangenheit (1943) and Meine Tochter tut das nicht (1940). He died on 6 July 1949 in Buchenwald concentration camp, Thuringia, Germany.- Martha Beschort-Diez was born on 21 June 1902 in Göttingen, Province of Hanover, Prussia [now Lower Saxony], Germany. She was an actress, known for Castles and Cottages (1957), SAS 181 Does Not Reply (1959) and Wo Du hin gehst... (1957). She was married to Fritz Diez. She died on 12 September 1981 in Weimar, German Democratic Republic [now Thuringia, Germany].
- Music Department
Hermann Abendroth was born on 19 January 1883 in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany. He is known for The Unknown (1936) and Johann Sebastian Bach (1950). He was married to Elisabeth Walter. He died on 29 May 1956 in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.- Writer
- Actor
Harry Thürk was born on 8 March 1927 in Zülz, Silesia, Germany [now Biala, Opolskie, Poland]. He was a writer and actor, known for Streng geheim (1963), Haus im Feuer (1960) and Das Tal der sieben Monde (1967). He died on 24 November 2005 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.- Composer
- Soundtrack
Christoph Theusner was born on 8 August 1948 in East Berlin, East Germany. He was a composer, known for The Lives of Others (2006), Biologie! (1990) and Die Verschwörung des Fiesco zu Genua (1991). He died on 25 July 2023 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.- Actor
- Director
- Music Department
Hans-Jürgen Degenhardt was born on 21 October 1930 in Dresden, Germany. He was an actor and director, known for Revue um Mitternacht (1962), Heißer Sommer (1968) and Lysistrata oder der Bettstreik der Athenerinnen (1959). He died on 1 August 2014 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.- Martin Stade was born on 1 September 1931 in Haarhausen, Thuringia, Germany. He was a writer, known for Der erste Urlaubstag (1974) and Der König und sein Narr (1981). He died on 11 December 2018 in Arnstadt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Manfred von Brauchitsch was born on 15 August 1905 in Hamburg, Germany. He was an actor and writer, known for Rivalen am Steuer (1957), Kampf (1932) and 1937 Monaco Grand Prix (1937). He was married to Lieselotte Schneider and Gisela Hundt. He died on 6 February 2003 in Gräfenwarth, Thuringia, Germany.
- Dietmar Durand was born in 1956 in Hildburghausen, Germany. He was an actor, known for Halbwertszeit (2012), Der Staatsanwalt hat das Wort (1965) and Police Call 110 (1971). He died on 17 November 2014 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.
- Actor
- Writer
- Director
Hans Lucke was born on 25 April 1927 in Dresden, Germany. He was an actor and writer, known for Sommerwege (1960), Die Leute von Züderow (1985) and Urlaub ohne Dich (1961). He was married to Irina Lucke-Kaminiarz. He died on 27 August 2017 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.- Claudia Look-Hirnschal was an actress, known for Mozartbrot (2005), MDR Garten (2000) and MDR um 4 (2014). She died on 28 January 2018 in Thuringia, Germany.
- Andreas Gorski was born on 25 October 1960 in Germany. He died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Ronny Möckel was born on 29 March 1987 in Merseburg, Saxony-Anhalt, East Germany. He died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Auguste Prasch-Grevenberg was born on 22 August 1854 in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany. She was an actress, known for Die Buddenbrooks (1923), Die Heilige und ihr Narr (1928) and Die Rache einer Frau (1921). She died on 14 December 1945 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.
- Dagmar Schipanski was born on 3 September 1943 in Sättelstädt, Thuringia, Germany. She died on 7 September 2022 in Ilmenau, Thuringia, Germany.
- Carla Pott was born on 11 July 1974 in Germany. She died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Alex Wedding was born on 11 May 1905 in Salzburg, Austria. She was a writer, known for Lissy (1957), The Arctic Is Calling (1984) and Als Unku Edes Freundin war (1981). She was married to F.C. Weiskopf. She died on 15 March 1966 in Saalfeld, Thuringia, Germany.
- Peter Wolff was born on 30 October 1941 in Germany. He died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Marie Gutheil-Schoder was born on 10 February 1874 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany. She was an actress, known for Das verbotene Land (1924). She was married to Franz Xaver Setzer and Gustav Gutheil. She died on 4 October 1935 in Ilmenau, Thuringia, Germany.
- Robert Benoist was born on 20 March 1895 in Auffargis, France. He died on 12 September 1944 in Buchenwald, Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.
- Alfred-Michael Nathan was an actor, known for Die Igelfreundschaft (1962). He died on 11 June 1976 in Portenschmiede, Thuringia, Germany.
- Benjamin Crémieux was born on 1 December 1888 in Narbonne, Aude, France. He was a writer, known for Henri IV (1961) and La vie que je t'ai donnée (1961). He was married to Marianne Françoise Regazzacci-Stephanopoli. He died on 14 April 1944 in Buchenwald, Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.
- Christa Lehmann was born on 30 March 1921 in Berlin, Germany. She was an actress, known for Unterwegs nach Atlantis (1977), Du und ich und Klein-Paris (1971) and Die Verlobte (1980). She died on 18 October 1992 in Weimar, Thuringia, Germany.
- Christoph Martin Wieland, a famous German author of the literary enlightenment, was born in Oberholzheim, now Biberach, in South Germany. After education in several schools, mainly religious, he moved to Switzerland as the assistant of Bodmer, another famous author. After short stays again in Biberach and as a professor on the university of Erfurt he went to Weimar, where the duchess, Anna Amalia, assembled many of the greatest thinkers of her time, beside Wieland for example Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich von Schiller. Wieland died 1813 in Weimar. Wieland is best known for his novels, which established the genre in German literature. Beside these he wrote many epic poems, translated a lot of foreign literature into German and was the editor of the "Merkur", the leading magazine of his time.
- Hans Lippe was born on 19 July 1957 in Germany. He died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Monika Burghardt was born on 15 February 1953 in Germany. She died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Additional Crew
- Actress
Gisela Reißmann was an actress, known for Snow White (1959), Spielbank-Affäre (1957) and Der vertauschte Prinz (1962). She died on 17 April 2009 in Jena, Thuringia, Germany.- Ernst Thälmann was born on 16 April 1886 in Hamburg, Germany. He was married to Rosa Koch. He died on 18 August 1944 in Buchenwald concentration camp, Thuringia, Germany.
- Uwe Böhnhardt was born on 1 October 1977 in Jena, East Germany [now Thuringia, Germany]. He died on 4 November 2011 in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany.
- Anneliese Körner was born on 9 August 1899 in Wiesbaden, Germany. She was an actress, known for Banditen (1921), Verwirrung der Liebe (1959) and Der Kampf um den Goldfund (1920). She was married to Paul Joachim Reppel and Lutz Götz. She died on 5 July 1967 in Mühlhausen, Thuringia, Germany.
- Wulf Kirsten was born on 21 June 1934 in Klipphausen, Saxony, Germany. He died on 14 December 2022 in Bad Berka, Thuringia, Germany.
- Rosemarie Hajna was born on 6 January 1948 in Germany. She died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.
- Gabriele Klement was born on 29 September 1958 in Germany. She died on 26 April 2002 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany.